All Issue

2020 Vol.33, Issue 6 Preview Page

Research Article

Investigation of Defense and Vegetative Growth Related Traits of Recombinant Inbred Lines of Brassica rapa
Soon-Tae Kwon1†
,
Inhwa Yeam1
,
Jong Hwa Shin1
1Professor, Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
*skwon@andong.ac.kr
1 December 2020. pp. 615-623
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Brassica rapa is one of the most valuable vegetable crops worldwide. Cultivated varieties of B. rapa exhibit diverse developmental and morphological appearances, which includes important vegetables, oilseeds, and fodder crops. In this study, various phenotypes of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of B. rapa were investigated, including their responses to five different pathogenic Botrytis cinerea isolates, responses to aphid and thrips during flowering stages, days to flowering, and plant heights. Responses of 113 RILs to five different B. cinerea isolates showed variations, suggesting that genetic factors controlling resistance or tolerance against each isolate were dependent on isolate/genotype pairs. Correlation analysis was performed to understand the nature of genetic factors and the relationship among these phenotypes. Although high levels of correlation were not detected between phenotypes assessed in this study, statistically significant correlation was detected for several combinations. Significant positive correlations were found for different B. cinerea isolates, supporting that certain levels of commonality could exist in genetic components controlling resistance against different B. cinerea isolates. Based on correlation analysis using numbers of insects counted on plants, it was speculated that genetic factors responsible for aphid tolerance or repellence might be also involved in the response against thrips. Relationship between vegetative growth and tolerance against B. cinereal or insects is rather more complicated. However, it was observed that shorter plants appeared to have a certain level of tolerance or repellence against both aphids and thrips. Data presented in this study could be used to assist further genetic studies and breeding efforts to obtain Botritis and insect resistance for B. rapa.

Keywords
Brassica rapa
Botrytis cinerea
Flowering time
Insect resistance
Recombinant inbred lines (RILs)
Resistance
References
1
Amasino, R.M. 1996. Control of flowering time in plants. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 6:480-487. 10.1016/S0959-437X(96)80071-2
2
Amselem, J., C.A. Cuomo, J.A.L. Van Kan, M. Viaud, E.P. Benito, A. Couloux and et al. 2011. Genomic analysis of the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. PLoS Genet. 7:e1002230.
3
Bhatia, V., P.L. Uniyal and R. Bhattacharya. 2011. Aphid resistance in Brassica crops: Challenges, biotechnological progress and emerging possibilities. Biotechnol. Adv. 29:879-888. 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.00521802504
4
Bloomer, R.H. and C. Dean 2017. Fine-tuning timing: Natural variation informs the mechanistic basis of the switch to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Exp. Bot. 68:5439-5452. 10.1093/jxb/erx27028992087
5
Bolton, M.D., B.P. Thomma and B.D. Nelson. 2006. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de bary: Biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Mol. Plant Pathol. 7:1-16. 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00316.x20507424
6
Bragard, C., P. Caciagli, O. Lemaire, J.J. Lopez-Moya, S. MacFarlane, D. Peters, P. Susi and L. Torrance. 2013. Status and prospects of plant virus control through interference with vector transmission. Annu. Review Phytopathol. 51:177-201. 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-10234623663003
7
Campos, M.L., Y. Yoshida, I.T. Major, D. de Oliveira Ferreira, S.M. Weraduwage, J.E. Froehlich, B.F. Johnson, D.M. Kramer, G. Jander, T.D. Sharkey and G.A. Howe. 2016. Rewiring of jasmonate and phytochrome B signalling uncouples plant growth-defense tradeoffs. Nat. Commun. 7:12570. 10.1038/ncomms1257027573094PMC5155487
8
Chouard, P. 1960. Vernalization and its relations to dormancy. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 11:191-238. 10.1146/annurev.pp.11.060160.001203
9
Denby, K.J., P. Kumar and D.J. Kliebenstein. 2004. Identification of Botrytis cinerea susceptibility loci in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 38:473-486. 10.1111/j.0960-7412.2004.02059.x15086796
10
De Vos, M., J.H. Kim and G. Jander. 2007. Biochemistry and molecular biology of Arabidopsis -aphid interactions. Bio Essays 29:871-883. 10.1002/bies.2062417691101
11
Diaz-Montano, J., M. Fuchs, B.A. Nault, J. Fail and A.M. Shelton. 2011. Onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): a global pest of increasing concern in onion. J. Econ. Entomol. 104:1-13. 10.1603/EC1026921404832
12
FitzJohn, R.G., T.T. Armstrong, L.E. Newstrom‐Lloyd, A.D. Wilton and M. Cochrane. 2007. Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera: evaluation of potential for transgene escape. Euphytica 158:209-230. 10.1007/s10681-007-9444-0
13
Goggin, F.L. 2007. Plant-aphid interactions: molecular and ecological perspectives. Curr. Opin. Plant Biology 10:399-408. 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.00417652010
14
Guo, Y., S. Chen, Z. Li and W.A. Cowling. 2014. Center of origin and centers of diversity in an ancient crop, Brassica rapa (turnip rape) J. Hered. 105:555-565. 10.1093/jhered/esu02124714366
15
Hogenhout, S.A., E.D. Ammar, A.E. Hitfield and M.G. Redinbaugh. 2008. Insect vector interactions with persistently transmitted viruses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 46:327-359. 10.1146/annurev.phyto.022508.09213518680428
16
Hopkins, R.J., N.M. van Dam and J.J.A. van Loon. 2009. Role of glucosinolates in insect-plant relationships and multitrophic interactions. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 54:57-83. 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.09062318811249
17
Howe, G.A. and G. Jander. 2008. Plant immunity to insect herbivores. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59:41-66. 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.09282518031220
18
Huot, B., J. Yao, B.L. Montgomery and S.Y. He. 2014. Growth-defense tradeoffs in plants: a balancing act to optimize fitness. Mol. Plant 7:1267-1287. 10.1093/mp/ssu04924777989PMC4168297
19
Iniguez-Luy, F.L., L. Lukens, M.W. Farnham, R.M. Amasino and T.C. Osborn. 2009. Development of public immortal mapping populations, molecular markers and linkage maps for rapid cycling Brassica rapa and B. oleracea. Theor. Appl. Genet.120:31-43. 10.1007/s00122-009-1157-419784615
20
Jones, A.M.E., M. Bridges, A.M. Bones, R. Cole and J.T. Rossiter. 2001. Purification and characterisation of a non‐plant myrosinase from the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 31:1-5. 10.1016/S0965-1748(00)00157-0
21
Karasov, T.L., E. Chae, J.J. Herman and J. Bergelson. 2017. Mechanisms to mitigate the trade-off between growth and defense. Plant Cell 29:666-680. 10.1105/tpc.16.0093128320784PMC5435432
22
Kim, J., D.S. Kim, S. Park, H.E. Lee, Y.K. Ahn, J.H. Kim, H.B. Yang and B.C. Kang. 2016. Development of a high-throughput SNP marker set by transcriptome sequencing to accelerate genetic background selection in Brassica rapa. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 57:280-290. 10.1007/s13580-016-1036-2
23
Kliebenstein, D.J., H.C. Rowe and K.J. Denby. 2005. Secondary metabolites influence Arabidopsis/Botrytis interactions: Variation in host production and pathogen sensitivity. Plant J. 44:25-36. 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02508.x16167893
24
Koornneef, M., C. Alonso-Blanco and D. Vreugdenhil. 2004. Naturally occurring genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana Annu. Rev. Plant. Biol. 55:141-172. 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.14160515377217
25
Li, X., W. Wang, Z. Wang, K. Li, Y. Lim and Z. Piao. 2015. Construction of chromosome segment substitution lines enables QTL mapping for flowering and morphological traits in Brassica rapa. Front. Plant Sci. 6:432. 10.3389/fpls.2015.00432
26
Lou, P., J. Zhao, J. Kim, S. Shen, C. Del, X. Song, M. Jin, D. Vreugdenhil, X. Wang, M. Koornneef and G. Bonnema. 2007. Quantitative trait loci for flowering time and morphological traits in multiple populations of Brassica rapa J. Exp. Bot. 58:4005-4016. 10.1093/jxb/erm25518048374
27
Mason, A.S. and R.J. Snowdon. 2016. Oilseed rape: Learning about ancient and recent polyploid evolution from a recent crop species. Plant Biol. 18:883-892. 10.1111/plb.1246227063780
28
Mitchell, C., R.M. Brennan, J. Graham and A.J. Karley. 2016. Plant defense against herbivorous pests: Exploiting resistance and tolerance traits for sustainable crop protection. Front. Plant Sci. 7:1132. 10.3389/fpls.2016.01132
29
Powell, G., C.R. Tosh and J. Hardie. 2005. Host plant selection by aphids: Behavioral, evolutionary, and applied perspectives. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51:309-330. 10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.15110716332214
30
Roux, F., P. Touzet, J. Cuguen and C.V. Le. 2006. How to be early flowering: an evolutionary perspective. Trends Plant Sci. 11:375-381. 10.1016/j.tplants.2006.06.00616843035
31
Rowe, H.C. and D.J. Kliebenstein. 2008. Complex genetics control natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Genetics 180:2237-2250. 10.1534/genetics.108.09143918845849PMC2600955
32
Shea, D.J., E. Itabashi, S. Takada, E. Fukai, T. Kakizaki, R. Fujimoto and K. Okazaki. 2017. The role of FLOWERING LOCUS C in vernalization of Brassica: The importance of vernalization research in the face of climate change. Crop Pasture Sci. 69:30-39. 10.1071/CP16468
33
Song, Y.H., I. Lee, S.Y. Lee, T. Imaizumi and J.C. Hong. 2012. CONSTANS and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 complex is involved in the induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 69:332-342. 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04793.x21950734PMC3253897
34
Staal, J., M. Kaliff, E. Dewaele, M. Persson and C. Dixelius. 2008. RLM3, a TIR domain encoding gene involved in broad-range immunity of Arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Plant J. 55:188-200. 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03503.x18397376
35
Staats, M. and J.A.L. van Kan. 2012. Genome update of Botrytis cinerea strains B05.10 and T4. Eukaryot. Cell 11:1413-1414. 10.1128/EC.00164-1223104368PMC3486023
36
Vanous, A., C. Gardner, M. Blanco, A. Martin-Schwarze, A.E. Lipka, S. Flint-Garcia, M. Bohn, J. Edwards and T. Lübberstedt. 2018. Association mapping of flowering and height traits in germplasm enhancement of maize doubled haploid lines. Plant Genome 11(2):1-14. 10.3835/plantgenome2017.09.008330025021
37
van Wees, S. 2008. Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants: Trypan blue stain for fungi, oomycetes, and dead plant cells. CSH Protoc. 2008(8), doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot4982. 10.1101/pdb.prot498221356882
38
Williams, P.H. and C.B. Hill. 1986. Rapid-cycling populations of brassica. Science 232:1385-1389. 10.1126/science.232.4756.138517828914
39
Williamson, B., B. Tudzynski, P. Tudzynski and J.A. Van Kan. 2007. Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease. Mol. Plant Pathol. 8:561-580. 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x20507522
40
Zhang, W., S.T. Kwon, F. Chen and D.J. Kliebenstein. 2016. Isolate dependency of Brassica rapa resistance QTLs to Botrytis cinerea. Front. Plant Sci. 7:161. 10.3389/fpls.2016.00161
41
Zhao, J., X. Wang, B. Deng, P. Lou, J. Wu, R. Sun, Z. Xu, J. Vromans, M. Koornneef and G. Bonnema. 2005. Genetic relationships within Brassica rapa as inferred from AFLP fingerprints. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:1301-1314. 10.1007/s00122-005-1967-y15806345
42
Züst, T. and A.A. Agrawal. 2017. Trade-offs between plant growth and defense against insect herbivory: An emerging mechanistic synthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 68:513-534. 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-04085628142282
Information
  • Publisher :The Plant Resources Society of Korea
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원식물학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Plant Resources
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원식물학회지
  • Volume : 33
  • No :6
  • Pages :615-623
  • Received Date : 2020-08-20
  • Revised Date : 2020-10-14
  • Accepted Date : 2020-10-21
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2020.33.6.615
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Plant Resources Korean Journal of Plant Resources
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close