All Issue

2022 Vol.35, Issue 2 Preview Page

Research Article

Verification of the Effect of Lemon Balm Extract on Triglyceride Control According to the Extraction Solvent

추출용매에 따른 레몬밤 추출물의 중성지방 조절 효능 검증

Ji Youn Kim1
,
Kyoung Kon Kim2
,
Hye Rim Lee2
,
Dae Jung Kim3
,
Tae Woo Kim3*
김 지연1
,
김 경곤2
,
이 혜림2
,
김 대중3
,
김 태우3*
1Deputy General Manager, SEOUL F&B CO., LTD., Hoengseong 25209, Korea
2Senior Researcher, Well-being Bioproducts R&D Center, Kangwon National University, Hoengseong 24341, Korea
3Research Professor, Well-being Bioproducts R&D Center, Kangwon National University, Hoengseong 24341, Korea
1㈜서울에프엔비, 차장
2강원대학교 웰빙특산물산업화센터, 선임연구원
3강원대학교 웰빙특산물산업화센터, 연구교수
*Corresponding Author
1 April 2022. pp. 372-379
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study investigated the effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extract on improving blood triglycerides according to the extraction solvent using 3T3-L1 cells. Lemon balm was extracted with water (MOW100), 70% ethanol (MOE70), 50% ethanol (MOE50), and 30% ethanol (MOE30). To verify its efficacy on improving blood triglycerides, cell viability, lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) content, and expressions of protein kinase A (PKA), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), perilipin, and CGI-58 proteins were evaluated. Cytotoxicity was not evident up to an extract concentration of 1 ㎎/mL. Lipid accumulation and TG content were decreased in a concentration-dependent manner compared to their levels in the control group. When the MOW100 extract was applied at a concentration of 0.2 ㎎/mL, an inhibitory effect was evident, with lipid accumulation inhibited by 21.3% and TG content reduced by 32.7%. PKA phosphorylation and ATGL HSL and CGI-58 levels were increased. The data indicate that lemon balm extract obtained using water is more efficacious than extracted with ethanol. The aqueous extract shows potential in triglyceride control through lipolysis and lowering triglyceride levels.

Keywords
ATGL
HSL
Melissa officinalis
PKA
Triglyceride
References
1
Aboulaich, N., P.C. Chui, J.M. Asara, J.S. Flier and E. Maratos-flier. 2011. Polymerase I and transcript release factor regulates lipolysis via a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. Diabetes 60(3):757-765. 10.2337/db10-074421282370PMC3046836
2
Bae, C.R., D.Y. Kwon and Y.S. Cha. 2013. Anti-obesity effects of salted and unsalted doenjang supplementation in C57BL/6J mice fed with high fat diet. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 42(7):1036-1042 (in Korean). 10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.7.1036
3
Baek, J.M., J.S. Lee, K.K. Kim, T.W. Kim, D.J. Kim, C.A. Kim, K. Tsutomu, S.Ochir, K.Y. Lee, C.H. Park, Y.J. Lee and M. Choe. 2013. Inhibitory effects of Capsicum annuum L. water extracts on lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr. Res. Pract. 7(2):96-102. 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.2.9623610601PMC3627936
4
Bandyopadhyay, D., A. Hajra, K. Ashish, A. Qureshi and S. Ball. 2017. New hope for hyperlipidemia management: Inclisiran. J. Cardiol. 71(5):523-524. 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.10.01729174841
5
Brasaemle, D.L. 2007. Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. The perilipin family of structural lipid droplet protein: Stabilization of lipid droplets and control of lipolysis. J. Lipid Res. 48(12):2547-59. 10.1194/jlr.R700014-JLR20017878492
6
Carmen, G.Y. and S.M. Victor. 2006. Signaling mechanisms regulating lipolysis. Cell. Signal. 18(4):401-408. 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.00916182514
7
Choi, W.S. 2018. Effects of omega-3 on lipid and liver function tests. Korean J. Clin. Lab Sci. 50:183-189 (in Korean). 10.15324/kjcls.2018.50.2.183
8
Choung, M.G., Y.S. Hwang, G.P. Kim, K.G. Ahn, H.S. Shim, S.B. Hong, J.H. Choi, C.Y. Yu, I.M. Chung, S.H. Kim and J.D. Lim. 2013. Antimelanogenic effect and whitening of anthocyanin rich faction from seeds of Liriope platyphylla. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 21(5):361-371 (in Korean). 10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.5.361
9
Chung, H.J. 2019. Development and industrial application of low-calorie food ingredients derived from starches. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 52(4):358-374 (in Korean).
10
Emamghoreishi, M. and M.S. Talebianpour. 2009. Antidepressant effect of Melissa officinalis in the forced swimming test. DARU J. Pharm. Sci. 17(1):42-47.
11
Feng, Z., Y. Hai-ning, C. Xiao-man, W. Zun-chen, S. Sheng-rong and U.N. Das. 2014. Effect of yellow capsicum extract on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Nutrition 30(3):319-325. 10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.00324296036
12
Frayn, K.N., F. Karpe, B.A. Fielding, I.A. Macdonald and S.W. Coppack. 2003. Integrative physiology of human adipose tissue. Int. J. Obes. 27(8):875-888. 10.1038/sj.ijo.080232612861227
13
Greenberg, A.S., F.B. Kraemer, K.G. Soni, M.P. Jedrychowski, Q.W. ZYan, C.E. Graham, T.A. Bowman and A. Mansur. 2011. Lipid droplet meets a mitochondrial protein to regulate adipocyte lipolysis. EMBO J. 30(21):4337-4339. 10.1038/emboj.2011.37122048333PMC3230382
14
Haemmerle, G., A. Lass, R. Zimmermann, G. Gorkiewicz, C. Meyer, J. Rozman, G. Heldmaier, R. Maier, C. Theussl, S. Eder, D. Kratky, E.F. Wagner, M. Klingenspor, G. Hoefler and R. Zechner. 2006. Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase. Science 312(5774):734-737. 10.1126/science.112396516675698
15
Holm, C. 2003. Molecular mechanisms regulating hormone-sensitive lipase and lipolysis. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 31(6):1120-1124. 10.1042/bst031112014641008
16
Hong, S.G., C.K. Park, M.J. Lee, S.G. Chung, Y.H. Lee and S.H. Hyun. 2009. Acute oral toxicity and anti-obesity effect of diglyceride preparation containing conjugated linoleic acid in rat. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 41(3):320-325 (in Korean).
17
Kagawa, K., H. Matsutaka, C. Fukuhama, Y. Watanabe and H. Fujino. 1995. Globin digest, acidic protease hydrolysate, inhibits dietary hypertriglyceridemia and Val-Val-Tyr-Pro, one of its constituents, possesses most superior effect. Food Sci. Ind. 52(4):358-374.
18
Kennedy, D.O., G. Wake, S. Savelev, N. Tildesley, E.K. Perry, K.A. Wesnes and A.B. Scholey. 2003. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor binding properties. Neuropsychopharmacol 28(10):1871-1881. 10.1038/sj.npp.130023012888775
19
Kennedy, D.O., W. Little, C.F. Haskell and A.B. Scholey. 2006. Anxiolytic effects of a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis during laboratory induced stress. Phytother. Res. 20(2):96-102. 10.1002/ptr.178716444660
20
Kim, H.J., C.H. Kang and S.K. Kim. 2012. Anti-adipogenic effect of Undaria pinnatifida extracts by ethanol in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Life Sci. 22(8):1052-1056 (in Korean). 10.5352/JLS.2012.22.8.1052
21
Kim, J.Y., K.G. Lee, J.Y. Kim, J.M. Lee, N.Y. Kim and E.H. Ji. 2019. Visual field defect after taking atorvastatin/ezetimibe, a case study. Korean J. Clin. Pharm. 29(2):133-137 (in Korean). 10.24304/kjcp.2019.29.2.133
22
Kopelman, P. 2000. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 404(6778):635-643. 10.1038/3500750810766250
23
Lee, H.J., J.H. Lim, J.O. Peak, M.S. Ki, S.B. Lee, G.Y. Choe, J.Y. Jung, H.S. Jung, S.W. Jeon, T.S. Park and S.M. Shim. 2020. Effect of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract on lipid accumulation by modulating specific adipogenic gene transcription factors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Appl. Biol. Chem. 63(2):169-174. 10.3839/jabc.2020.023
24
Listenberger, L.L., X. Han, S.E. Lewis, S. Cases, R.V. Farese Jr, D.S. Ory and J.E. Schaffer. 2003. Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid induced lipotoxicity. PNASU. 100(6):3077-3082. 10.1073/pnas.063058810012629214PMC152249
25
Londos, C., D.L. Brasaemle, J. Gruia-Gray, D.A. Servetnick, C.J. Schultz and D.M. Levin. 1995. Perilipin: unique proteins associated with intracellular neutral lipid droplets in adipocytes and steroidogenic cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23(3):611-615. 10.1042/bst02306118566427
26
Montan, P.D., A. Sourlas, J. Olivero, D. Silverio, E. Guzman and C.E. Kosmas. 2019. Pharmacologic therapy of obesity: Mechanisms of action and cardiometabolic effects. Ann. Transl. Med. 7(16):393. 10.21037/atm.2019.07.2731555707PMC6736799
27
Parisa, J., N. Mostafa, A. Hamidreza and A. Mahmoud. 2016. Lemon balm: A promising herbal therapy for patients with borderline hyperlipidemia - A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther. Med. 26(3):136-140. 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.01227261994
28
Park, Y.M., J.H. Lim and E.W. Seo. 2015. Anti-obesity effect of by-product from soybean on mouse fed a high fat diet. Korean J. Plant Res. 28(2):168-177 (in Korean). 10.7732/kjpr.2015.28.2.168
29
Ramanauskiene, K., R. Raimondas and M. Daiva. 2016. Rosmarinic acid and Melissa officinalis extracts differently affect glioblastoma cells. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2016(1):1-9. 10.1155/2016/156425727688825PMC5027300
30
Rayalam, S., M.A. Della-Fera and C.A. Baile. 2008. Phytochemicals and regulation of the adipocyte life cycle. J. Nutr. Biochem. 19(11):717-726. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.12.00718495457
31
Robert, H. and R.H. Eckel. 2008. Nonsurgical management of obesity in adults. Presse. Med. 39(9):930-944.
32
Seo, Y.C., J.S. Kim, Y.O. Kim, J.C. Kim and H.Y. Lee. 2013. Immune activity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracted by extreme low temperature extraction process. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 21:105-111. 10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.2.105
33
Ulbricht, C., T. Brendler, J. Gruenwald, B. Kligler, D. Keifer, T. Abrams, J. Woods, H. Boon, C. Kirkwood and D. Hackman. 2004. Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.): An evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. J. Herb Pharmacother. 5(4):71-114. 10.1080/J157v05n04_0816635970
34
Wicinski, M., J. Zak, B. Malinowski, G. Popek and G. Grzesk. 2017. PCSK9 signaling pathways and their potential importance in clinical practice. EPMA J. 8(4):391-402. 10.1007/s13167-017-0106-629209441PMC5700013
35
Woo, S.G., M.S. Yoon, J.J. Kim, Y.H. Hong, M.Y. Kim, S.S. Shin and M.C. Yoon. 2016. The anti-angiogenic herbal extract from Melissa officinalis inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and suppresses adipocyte hypertrophy in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 178(3):238-250. 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.01526702505
36
Yu, J.H., N.G. Geum, J.H. Ye and J.B. Jeong. 2021. Immuno-enhancing and anti-obesity effect of Abelmoschus manihot root extracts. Korean J. Plant Res. 34(5):411-419 (in Korean).
37
Zechner, R., J.G. Strauss, G. Haemmerle, A. Lass and R. Zimmermann. 2005. Lipolysis: Pathway under construction. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 16(3):333-340. 10.1097/01.mol.0000169354.20395.1c15891395
Information
  • Publisher :The Plant Resources Society of Korea
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원식물학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Plant Resources
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원식물학회지
  • Volume : 35
  • No :2
  • Pages :372-379
  • Received Date : 2021-12-19
  • Revised Date : 2022-01-24
  • Accepted Date : 2022-01-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2022.35.2.372
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Plant Resources Korean Journal of Plant Resources
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close