All Issue

2024 Vol.37, Issue 5 Preview Page

Research Article

Vegetation Structure of Mt. Bangtae among Protected Area for Forest Genetic Resource Conservation

산림유전자원보호구역 방태산의 식생구조

Byeong Joo Park1
,
Tae Im Heo2
박 병주1
,
허 태임2
1Researcher, Baekdudaegan Conservation office, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea
2Research Manager, Ecological Forest Restoration Office, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea
1국립백두대간수목원 백두대간보전실, 연구원
2국립백두대간수목원 산림생태복원실, 팀장
*Corresponding Author
1 October 2024. pp. 461-474
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study aims to analyze the vegetation structure of the forest in Mt. Bangtae, a domestic forest genetic resource conservation area and belonging to the WDPA, in order to provide basic data for conservation strategies and efficient management. A total of 55 survey plots were established and surveyed using the Braun-Blanquet method. The vegetation communities were classified into 4 clusters: Acer pseudosieboldianum-Acer pictum subsp. mono community (C1), Quercus mongolica community (C2), Abies nephrolepis community (C3), and Sasa borealis-Acer pseudosieboldianum community (C4). Statistical significance was recognized in environmental factors between clusters except for TPI(Topographic Position Index), confirming that each cluster possesses unique topographical characteristics. Species composition analysis revealed that Acer sp. such as A. pseudosieboldianum and A. pictum subsp. mono were growing in the valley, while subalpine woody plants such as Abies nephrolepis and Betula ermanii were evenly distributed. The Mt. Bangtae, genetic resource conservation area appeared in subalpine and temperate vegetation. Consequently, the distinct clustering of vegetation based on complex environmental factors suggests a patch mosaic distribution of vegetation. It is anticipated that ecotones between vegetation patches in the Mt. Bangtae, forest genetic resource conservation area are widely distributed, indicating a richness of biodiversity and maintaining a healthy forest ecosystem through ecosystem cycling. Therefore, continuous monitoring and observation of vegetation changes are necessary to formulate conservation strategies in the future.

Keywords
Cluster analysis
Ecotone
Mt. Bangtae
References
1

Barbour, M.G., J.H. Burk, W.D. Pitts, F.S. Gilliam and M.W. Schwartz. 2004. Terrestrial plant ecology (3rd ed.). Benjamin/Cummings, San Francisco, CA (USA). pp. 12-266.

2

Bingham, H.C., D.J. Bignoli, E. Lewis, B. MacSharry, N.D. Burgess, P. Visconti, M. Deguignet, M. Misrachi, M. Walpole, J. Stewart, T.M. Brooks and N. Kingston. 2019. Sixty years of tracking conservation progress using the world database on protected Areas. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3:737-743.

10.1038/s41559-019-0869-3
3

Boncina, A. 2000. Comparison of structure and biodiversity in the Rajhenav virgin forest remnant and managed forest in the Dinaric region of Slovenia. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 9:201-211.

10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00155.x
4

Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie, Grundzfige der Vegetationskunde, 3rd ed. Springer, NY (USA). pp. 17-140.

10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2_3
5

Cadenasso, M.L, S.T.A. Pickett, K.E. Weathers and C.D. Jones. 2003. A framework for a theory of ecological boundaries. Bioscience 53:750-758.

10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0750:AFFATO]2.0.CO;2
6

CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2024. The biodiversity plan for life and earth. https://www.cbd.int/gbf/ targets/3/ (2024. 02.).

7

Cha, Y.J. and S.H. Chun. 2002 Vegetational structure of dwarf bamboo and its effects on the developmental stages of deciduous forests in clearcutting sites. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 16(2):149-159 (in Korean).

8

Chao, A., R.L Chazdon, R.K. Colwel and T.J. Shen. 2005. A new statistical aproach for assessing similarity of species compositon with incidence and abundance data. Ecol. Lett. 8(2):148-159.

10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00707.x
9

Curtis, J.T. and R.P. McIntosh. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the Prairie-Forest border region of Winsconsin. ESA 32(3):476-496.

10.2307/1931725
10

Diaci, J., D. Rozenbergar, I. Anic', S. Mikac, M. Saniga, S. Kucbel, C'. Višnjic' and D. Ballian. 2011. Structural dynamics and synchronous silver fir decline in mixed old growth mountain forests in Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Forestry 84:479-491.

10.1093/forestry/cpr030
11

Dufrêne, M. and P. Legendre. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr. 67(3):345-366.

10.2307/2963459
12

Efron, B. and C. Stein. 1981. The jackknife estimate of variance. Ann. Stat. 9(3):586-596.

10.1214/aos/1176345462
13

Germino, M.J., W.K. Smith and A.C. Resor. 2002. Conifer seedling distribution and survival in an alpine-treeline ecotone. Plant Ecol. 162:157-168.

10.1023/A:1020385320738
14

Gillson, L. 2004. Testing non-equilibrium theories in savannas: 1400 years of vegetation change in Tsavo National Park, Kenya. Ecol. Complex. 1:281-298.

10.1016/j.ecocom.2004.06.001
15

Gratzer, G., C. Canham, U. Dieckmann, A. Fischer, Y. Iwasa, R. Law, M.J. Lexer, H. Sandmann, T.A. Spies, B.E. Splechtna and J. Szwagrzyk. 2004. Spatio-temporal development of forests - current trends in field methods and models. Oikos 107:3-15.

10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13063.x
16

Han, A.R., S.K. Lee, G.U. Suh, Y. Park and P.S. Park. 2012. Wind and topography influence the crown growth of Picea jezoensis in a subalpine forest on Mt. Deogyu, Korea. Agric. For. Meteorol. 166-167:207-214.

10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.07.017
17

Hasegawa, S.F. and A. Mori. 2007. Structural characteristics of Abies mariesii saplings in a snowy subalpine parkland in central Japan. Tree Physiol. 27(1):141-148.

10.1093/treephys/27.1.141
18

Heiri, C., A. Wolf, L. Rohrer, P. Brang and H. Bugmann. 2012. Successional pathways in Swiss mountain forest reserves. Eur. J. Forest Res. 131:503-518.

10.1007/s10342-011-0525-1
19

Heo, H.Y. and S.J. Park. 2023. A study on the identifying OECMs in Korea for achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 37(4):302-314 (in Korean).

10.13047/KJEE.2023.37.4.302
20

Hiura, T., J. Sano and Y. Konno. 1996. Age structure and response to fine-scale disturbance of Abies sachalinensis, Picea jezoensis, Picea glehnii and Betula ermanii growing under the influence of a dwarf bamboo understory in northern Japan. Can. J. For. Res. 26(2):289-297.

10.1139/x26-032
21

Huber, M.O. 2011. Statistical models to identify stand development stages by means of stand characteristics. Can. J. Forest Research 41:111-123.

10.1139/X10-188
22

Hwang, T.Y., J.W. Lee, H.G. Yun, W.G. Park and J.B. An. 2023. Preservation and management plan through the analysis of plant resources and functions of algific talus slope as a climate change shelter. Korean J. Plant Res. 36(2):133-171 (in Korean).

23

IPBES (Intergovernmental science-policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services). 2016. Decision 4/1. IPBES, Bonn, Germany. pp. 1-78.

24

KFS (Korea Forest Service). 2023. The management plan for the 3rd forest genetic resources conservation area(2023- 2027). KFS, Daejeon, Korea. pp. 1-29.

25

Kil, B.S., C.H. Kim and K.W. Yun. 1995. The vegetation of the northern slope area of Pangtae. The Report the KACN 35:53-104 (in Korean).

26

Kim, G.B., K.J. Lee and J.O. Hyun. 1998. Regeneration of seedlings under different vegetation types and effects of allelopathy on seedling establishment of Abies koreana in the Banyabong peak, Mt. Chiri. J. Korean Soc. For. Sci. 87(2):230-238 (in Korean).

27

Kim, J.D., J.H. Lim and C.W. Yun. 2019. Dynamics of Abies nephrolepis seedlings in relation to environmental factors in Seorak mountain, South Korea. Forests 10(702):1-14.

10.3390/f10080702
28

KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration). 2024. Cliamate data. http://www.kma.go.kr (2024. 01).

29

KNA (Korea National Arboretum). 2013. Survey Report on plant genetic resources in the Bangtae-san forest genetic resources Conservation Area. KNA, Pocheon. Korea. pp. 1-140.

30

KNA (Korea National Arboretum). 2020. A synonymic list of vascular plants in Korea. http://www.nature.go.kr/kpni/ (2020. 01.).

31

Kong, W.S. 2002. Species composition and distribution of Korean alpine plants. J. Korean Geogr. Soc. 37:357-370 (in Korean).

32

Korean Fern Society. 2005. Ferns and fern allies of Korea. Geobook. Seoul, Korea. pp. 1-399.

33

Kucbel, S., M. Saniga, P. Jaloviar and J. Vencurik. 2012. Stand structure and temporal variability in old-growth beech-dominated forests of the northwestern Carpathians: A 40-years perspective. For. Ecol. Manage. 264:125-133.

10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.011
34

Kunisaki, T. 2004. Effects of the density of midstory deciduous hardwood trees on understory vegetation in Pinus densiflora plantations in Ohshuku District, Iwate Prefecture, Northern Japan. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 86(3):258-264.

35

Lee, W.C., W.G. Paik and K.O. Yoo. 1997. Distribution survey on medicinal plants in Kangwon Province. Korean J. Plant. Res. 10(4):275-291 (in Korean).

36

Lewis, E., B. MacSharry, D. Juffe-Bignoli, N. Harris, G. Burrows, N. Kingston and N.D. Burgess. 2017. Dynamics in the global protected-area estate since 2004. Conserv. Biol. 33(3):570-579.

10.1111/cobi.13056
37

McCune, B. and J.B. Grace. 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon (USA). pp. 11-300.

38

McCune, B. and M.J. Mefford. 2006. PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. version 5. 17. MJM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon (USA). pp. 10-237.

39

Newman, D.R., J.B. Lindsay and J.M.H. Cockburn. 2018. Evaluating metrics of local topographic position for multiscale geomorphometric analysis. Geomorph 312:40-50.

10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.04.003
40

Newton, A.C. 2007. Forest ecology and conservation. Oxford University Press, Newyork (USA). pp. 285-326.

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567448.003.0007
41

Park, B.J., J.D. Kim, J.W. Lee, S.W. Cho, T.I. Heo, D.H. Lee and J.G. Byeon. 2021. A study on correlation between species composition and environmental factors in Abies koreana Forest. Korean J. Plant. Res. 34(2):144-155 (in Korean).

42

Park, B.J., J.J. Kim, J.G. Byeon, K. Cheon, S.H. Joo and Y.G. Lee. 2016. The Classification of forest community and character of stand structure in Mt. Myeonbong -Focused on research forest in Kyungpook National University, Cheongsong. J. Korean For. Soc. 105(4):391-400 (in Korean).

10.14578/jkfs.2016.105.4.391
43

Park, B.J., J.W. Lee, J.D. Kim, T.I. Heo, D.H. Lee, J.H. Lee, K.B. Nam, H.J. Kim, C.H. Shin and J.G. Byeon. 2020. Forest stand structure of Abies nephrolepis population in Mt Hwangbyeong. J. Agric. Life Sci. 54(3):35-45 (in Korean).

10.14397/jals.2020.54.3.35
44

Park, B.J., T.I. Heo and K. Cheon. 2023. Correlation between vegetation structure and environmental Factors of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki habitats. J. Korean. Env. Res. Tech. 26(4): 1-16 (in Korean).

45

Park, B.J., T.I. Heo and K. Cheon. 2024. Analyzing generalist plant species using topographic characteristics of Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière forests in East Asia: From China (Mt. Changbai) to South Korea. Int. J. Plant Biol. 15:320-339 (in Korean).

10.3390/ijpb15020027
46

Park, G.E., E.S. Kim, S.C. Jung, C.W. Yun, J.S. Kim, J.D. KIm, J.B. Kim and J.H. Lim. 2022. Distribution and stand dynamics of subalpine conifer species (Abies nephrolepis, A. koreana and Picea jezoensis) in Baekdudaegan protected area. J. Korean Soc. For. Sci. 111(1):61-71 (in Korean).

47

Park, H.C., H.Y. Lee, N.Y. Lee, H. Lee and J.Y. Song. 2019. Survey on the distribution of evergreen conifers in the major national park-A case Study on Seoraksan, Odaesan, Taebaeksan, Sobaaeksan, Doegyusan, Jirisan national park-. J. Natl. Park Res. 10(2):224-231 (in Korean).

48

Park, S.G. and S.H. Choi. 2017. Why does draft bamboo bloom once in a lifetime on a large scale and then die?-Analysis of external environmental factors of draft bamboo flowering area and its life strategy. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 31(6):564-577 (in Korean).

10.13047/KJEE.2017.31.6.564
49

Peters, R., T. Nakashizuka, and T. Ohkubo. 1992. Regeneration and development in beech-dwarf bamboo forest in Japan. For. Ecol. Manage. 55(1-4):35-50.

10.1016/0378-1127(92)90090-V
50

Podlaski, R., 2008. Dynamics in Central European near-natural Abies-Fagus forests: Does the mosaic-cycle approach provide an appropriate model? J. Veg. Sci. 19:173-182.

10.3170/2008-8-18350
51

Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Illinois (USA). pp. 1-125.

52

Shin, D.B. and S.H. Oh. 2022. Vegetation structure and characteristics analysis of Abies nephrolepis Forest in southern region of Gangwon-do, Korea. J. Korean Soc. For. Sci. 111(2):224-233 (in Korean).

53

Turner, M., 1989. Landscape ecology: The effects of pattern and process. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20:171-197.

10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001131
54

Urban, D., R.V.O. Neill, H.H. Shugart. 1987. Landscape ecology. Bioscience 37:119-127.

10.2307/1310366
55

WDPA (The World Database on Protected Areas). 2024. https://www.protectedplanet.net/. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). (2024. 04.)

56

Wilson, E.P. 1992. The diversity of life. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, USA. pp. 35-424.

57

Winter, S. and F. Brambach, 2011. Determination of a common forest life cycle assessment method for biodiversity evaluation. For. Ecol. Manage. 262:2120-2132.

10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.036
58

Yamamoto, S.I., N. Nishimaura and K. Matsui. 1995. Natural disturbance and tree species coexistence in an old-growth beech - dwarf bamboo forest, southwestern Japan. J. Veg. Sci. 6(6):875-886.

10.2307/3236402
Information
  • Publisher :The Plant Resources Society of Korea
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원식물학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Plant Resources
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원식물학회지
  • Volume : 37
  • No :5
  • Pages :461-474
  • Received Date : 2024-05-16
  • Revised Date : 2024-06-01
  • Accepted Date : 2024-06-25
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2024.37.5.461
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Plant Resources Korean Journal of Plant Resources
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close